Essay about The Problems with Fracking - 2005 Words

No Fracking Way Imagine a world where fresh and clear water was a luxury. Imagine water so contaminated with chemicals that every plant it comes into contact with dies. As the trees begin to die, oxygen levels drop. As the vegetation dies, wildlife begins to die out. The polluted water which flows through the ground into wells causes instant contamination. As the water flows out of the sink, one can strike a match and light the liquid on fire. Showering in these chemicals is out of the question. Fresh water has become a comfort, rather than a given. Could planet Earth survive this existence? If hydraulic fracturing, otherwise known as fracking, were deemed legal, this question may be put to the test. Fracking is a process in which†¦show more content†¦While vertical wells do yield gas, they are mainly used as a base to connect several horizontal wells, which is where the money lies in the industry. After drilling, about â€Å"2 million to 10 million gallons of water [is used] to extract t he gas† (Marsa 3-4). However, high pressured water alone will not break away the shale rock, therefore sand is added to enable further fracturing. The controversial issue fueling the debate is the third substances added to the water which allow the natural gas to escape for collection. â€Å"A cocktail of friction-reducing lubricants [are used] to make the water slick enough to slide through the pipes swiftly† (Marsa 4). A geochemist by the name of Tracy Bank conducted a study at SUNY Buffalo which concluded that the lubricant contained an abundance of toxic metals, â€Å"including uranium, barium, chromium, zinc and arsenic† (Marsa 2). This is just a short list of the negative compounds used in fracking. It is likely that the public will never get the full story as to the composition of the lubricants, as major fracking companies refuse to release that information, â€Å"claiming that doing so would reveal trade secrets† (Rahman 1). So where do these cont aminants end up? After reaching the surface, the waste is emptied into tanks for storage. However, sometimes ponds are also used to hold the pollutants, therefore releasing the harmful toxins into runoffs. Once the gas hasShow MoreRelatedFracking : Too Many Fracking Problems1631 Words   |  7 PagesToo Many Fracking Problems â€Å"Fracking ensures that the age of oil-and it s princely hydrocarbon cousin, the natural gas molecule-will not end because we have run out of fossil fuels. But it may end because burning these wonderful fuels puts the planet farther down a path we don t want to head down†. Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, is a petroleum mining method to reach remote gas under water that is located in the crust of the earth. Fracking uses a blend of water, sand, and chemicals. HydraulicRead MoreNatural Gas : A Sustainable And Environmentally Friendly Gases1247 Words   |  5 Pagesseventy percent fewer emissions than coal and twenty percent fewer emissions than oil . Natural gas would also be much cheaper than oil per gallon and is environmentally sustainable; however, fracking, the process of extracting the natural gas, may not be as environmentally stable as many would think. Fracking is the process of drilling and injecting fluid at high pressure in order to crack shale rocks to extr act natural gas. The water is mixed with sand and other toxic chemicals to help the processRead MoreThe Need to Stop Fracking616 Words   |  3 Pagesfracking is the process of getting natural gas from from shale rock deep into the ground. to get the natural gas we have to use a thing called horizontal drilling, horizontal drilling allows us to go deep into the ground and injected high pressure fracking fluids into the shale area and when they have the cracks in the ground for the oil to go through and they put sand to hold open the cracks and keep them open this is the process of fracking. Tell the recipient of your letter why you chose to shareRead MoreFracking : Fracking And Fracking1524 Words   |  7 Pages Hydraulic Fracturing Research Paper Hydraulic Fracturing (also commonly known as fracking) is a process used to extract natural gasses deep within the earth. This is done by drilling vertically into the ground until the desired depth; then drilling horizontally; and pumping millions of gallons of water, sand, and other chemicals into the drill at a high pressure to create fissures through which the gas can escape. Currently, hydraulic fracturing is extensively used in the United States in orderRead MoreIs Fracking Safer : Wastewater Injections Cause Human Made Earthquakes, But The Risk Can Be Reduced1142 Words   |  5 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Arizona State University. (2016, September 22). Research finds way to make fracking safer: Wastewater injections cause human-made earthquakes, but the risk can be reduced. ScienceDaily. Retrieved February 24, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/09/160922150659.htm The Arizona State University effectively relays the information from a research done to evaluate the use of fracking techniques in relation to the Texas earthquakes experienced in May of 2012. The research doneRead MoreThe Need, Risks And Impacts1396 Words   |  6 PagesFRACKING-â€Å"The Need, Risks and Impacts† Hydraulic Fracking, which is the extraction of natural gas which was earlier protected, has become a major problem today. It is an environmental as well as a health hazard. The large firms which are linked to fracking have tried to justify fracking by citing that the benefits of it outweigh the harm that it might potentially cause. But before buying that argument, it is important for us to understand if the idea of fracking is really good for a long term scenarioRead MoreFracking And Its Wastewater Disposal1489 Words   |  6 PagesDat Ninh T. Drosselmeyer Engl 1113 – 088 14 November 2016 1393 words Fracking and its wastewater disposal are threatening human’s life In recent years, there has been an increasing concern about whether or not should factories keep using Fracking as their main method to extract oil and gas from the underground. Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing can be defined as the process of drilling down into the Earth and injecting high-pressurized water mixture into the ground, creating cracksRead MoreFracking Should Not Be Banned1526 Words   |  7 PagesFracking is a pressurized, chemically treated mixture of water and sand used to release and extract natural gas and petroleum from shale rock. The process involves a well drilled vertically to the desired depth, then turns ninety degrees and continues horizontally for thousands of feet into the shale believed to contain the trapped natural gas. A mix of water, sand, and various chemicals are pumped into the well at high pressure in order to create fissures in the shale through which the gas can escapeRead MoreRhetorical Situations And Their Constituents Essay1588 Words   |à ‚  7 Pageswill choose them over a different company. Rhetoric can be found all over the news and while doing research I came upon the article â€Å"Are We Fracking Away our Health?† To analyze the rhetoric of this article, we must look at the exigence, audiences, constraints, and any unforeseen ramifications of the article. Exigence defined by Grant-Davie is â€Å"some need or problem that can be addressed and solved through rhetorical discourse† (351). The exigence of an article can be answered by using three questions:Read MoreA Brief Look at Fracking1383 Words   |  6 Pagesnumber one source of America’s constant need for gas. Most of that production increase has come about to the growing need of hydraulic fracturing, also known as â€Å"fracking†, which is a process used to release oil or gas from underground formations that are otherwise too hard to mine with other tools. Over the past few years, advances in fracking technology have made huge reserves of natural gas in America economically recoverable. According to the Energy Information Administration, shale gas plays, or

Knowledge Management Audit Report Free Essays

string(40) " confident in discharging their duties\." The case study depicts the problems associated with a regency grand, a five-star hotel situated In Thailand. Initially the hotel was performing well under Thai General Manager; however since the takeover by a large American hotel chain, regency grand hotel was experiencing deteriorating circumstances regarding its business and reputation. Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management Audit Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now . Becker was inducted as a new General Manger if Regency Grand Hotel. He was Interested in applying the concepts, methods, policies and procedures of hotel management which he earlier practiced successfully in the united States to the Regency Grand Hotel. Mr.. Backer’s success was mostly on acquisition were the operations were experiencing low morale and poor profitability. One of the major points In this case study Is the fact that Regency Grand Hotel was not experiencing low morale and poor profitability. In fact Regency Grand Hotel was one of the top performing hotels of Thailand were employee satisfaction was high. Mr.. Backer’s expertise was in successfully implementing management strategies in a sinking organization rather than in an established and stable organization. Research has shown that the right employee should be hired at the right time. [r] One of the major issues as delineated in the case study is the implementation of same Human Resource Management Strategy in different countries. This Human Resource Management strategy by Becker comprised of introducing the concept of decentralization at Regency Grand Hotel. According to Becker, this strategy will yield enhanced employee motivation and overall Job satisfaction which will untimely lead to more profits. This strategy was successfully Implemented by Becker In his previous assignments. Becker was very confident of achieving positive results by Introducing this strategy immediately. One study shows that practice of Human Resource Management can vary across countries mainly because of adaptation of managerial practices and cultural idiosyncrasy [Snell and Dean, 1 992, Salk and Brannon, 2000]. Hefted argues that national cultures impact the attitudes and behaviors of employees (Hefted, 1980). This Is true in the case of Mr.. Becker. Since he came from United States and had been successfully practicing Human Resource Management with employees exhibiting us culture, he had a mindset reflecting us employee’s behavior towards management practice. Furthermore, Mr.. Becker was of the impression that the same Human Resource Management could be practiced in Thailand without realizing that there would be systematic differences that may have existed in Human Resource Management in different countries. Management by Objective Is the process of specifying objectives within an organization to ensure that the employees at the managerial level and non managerial level abide with the objectives set fourth so that they can fully understand what is required and what needs to be done within an organization. Studies have shown that productivity within an organization increases if Management by Objective program is launched (Robbins and Coulter, 2005, 165). However, Becker Introduced the concept of decentralization but was not able to Implement It stressfully. Becker spent most AT Nils tale wilt ten operational level employees. This resulted in Backer’s direct communication with the operational level employees which helped the employees better understand what Becker wanted and expected from them. However, the supervisor’s empowerment role was minimized which resulted in poor performance. Scholars have written that mutually agreed objectives are set forth between employees. Becker implemented him decentralization plan after getting approval from several rather than all managers ND department heads. Most of the scholars agree that the Management by Objective is successful if it is implemented from top to down while ensuring complete participation [Rodgers, R. ; Hunter, J. E. 1991]. When power and control in shared in organization, the overall effectiveness increases. (Organelle et al. , 2007)The empowerment is used as management tool which empowers employees to practice innovative approach while working. Furthermore, empowerment is the power which is transferred from top level to bottom level [(Teach et d. 0 04).. Honed (1997) argued that empowerment should have higher degree of accessibility and accountability while having the freedom to act. This signifies that management in order to empower their employees, must ensure that the employees will be motivated and committed. This will help them achieve organizational goals while the chances of an employee to quit will significantly reduce. Employee empowerment has been defensiveness’s ways, but K thaws et al. (2007), Money and Hankie (2006) and Honed (1997) agreed that the core element of empowerment involves giving employees section or latitude over certain task related activities. Smith and Mould, (1998) defined empowerment as a transfer of rower flow the employer to the employees to make quick and quality decision. Honed (1997) argued that empowerment is not only having the flooded to act, but also having higher degree of responsibility and accountability. This indicates that management must empower their me peoples so that they will be motivated committed satisfied and assist the organizations achieving objectives Mohammedanize employees intention to quit. Transferring power to the employees should be done with due diligence, at the same time employees to whom the power is transferred to, must be held accountable for their actions. Accountability will instill discipline in utilizing the scarce resources optimum for the benefit of the organization and other stakeholders. Therefore, employees should be empowered through, sharing information, autonomy in making decisions and improving their intellectual capacity. Welling et al (1991) similarly proposed that an organization that empowers their employees will be able to survive and grow in any environment. Mohammed and Prevail (1998) argued that empowerment is a state of mind and empowered employees mind experiences feelings of, (1) control over the Job to be performed, (2) awareness of the context in HCI the work is performed, (3) accountability for personal work output, (4) shared responsibility for unit and organizational performance and (5) equity in the rewards based on individual and collective performance. The Cognitive model of empowerment, defines empowerment on a broad term, which Includes ten console AT ProvoEng employee Witt genuine Coo enrollment Ana opportunities to have their voice heard having real power for control and influence over work processes, which leads to employees to be confident in discharging their duties. You read "Knowledge Management Audit Report" in category "Management" This model further emphasizes that organizations have no options except to empower their employees for purpose of survival, growth and increase efficiency and being competitiveness. Further, the model of work team effectiveness postulated by Cohen et al. (1996) commented that employee empowerment should be the primary focus for any manager who tries to design effective self managing work teams in organization. Organelle et al. (2007) suggested that, like the concept of power, empowerment can be viewed in two ways. First, it can be viewed as a relational conduct – which me that managers should delegate power to the subordinates. Secondly, a motivational construct where employee empowerment is seen as a scheme to motivate employees in organization. Thus empowered employees feel motivated when they are given autonomy to make decision about their work or are involved in the planning process of Ethel organization. Therefore employee empowerment implies that power is granted to the employees or delegation of authority. Similarly, Procter et al (1999) suggested that for the use of the term empowerment of members to be meaningful, there must be a genuine shift in the locus of power away from the top management to the shop floor. Melee (2004) argued that empowerment is a complex interactive process which involves the act of developing and increasing power to the subordinates. In addition they identified five core mimeo which can enhance empowerment in organizations and these includes educating of employees, leading, mentoring, supporting and proving proper structures to enhance employee empowerment in organization. This clearly shows that empowerment is a multi-monsoonal process which involves many systems of the organization and is an ongoing process. Lloyd fee al. 1999) asserted that, managers should act as coaches and help employees to solve problems. Managers should empower subordinates by delegating susceptibilities and assisting them when they have problems and thus employees will feel more satisfied with their managers and they will consider them to be fair and in return they will perform to their manager’s expectations. Employees need to be assisted in the process of empowerment. Participative management, managers must empower their employees by allowing them to participate in decision m a h g process. For impatience the model of employee empowerment postulated by Mammal and Securest (1996) argued that employee empowerment has been expounders the concept of participative management. The model emphasized that empowerment to eke a strong foundation in organizations; managers should intrinsically motivate the behavior of their employees and must release some of their authority and responsibility to other levels of the organization. Honed (1997) equated employee empowerment as management-by-stress strategy that pushes people and systems to the breaking point by forcing workers to do more. Lack of employee empowerment in many organization is compeered as a major source of organizational stress and conflicts. Management to a certain degree will reduce stress among their employees by empowering them. Employee empowerment s a management practice, which all managers should take seriously in their organization, Decease It’s tongue empowerment Tanat employees wall Improve organizational performance. Management needs to consider the following facts to ensure that empowerment in their organization is enhanced and nurtured. Empowerment through Job involvement, empowerment significantly enhances Job involvement Job satisfaction; career satisfaction and organizational commitment (Manorial and Hashing, 2006). This in the long MN will make employees feel that they are valued in their organization and create a higher degree of Job satisfaction and commitment. Thus employees are motivated by both extremis and intrinsic rewards such as autonomy in decision-making and challenging work. Leadership strategy, good leadership is critical for sustaining continuous improvement of employee empowerment in organization (Carson and King, 2005). Good leadership needs to be demonstrated at all levels of the organization. A good leader in an organization is intuitively able to tap into expressed thoughts of others, to give verbal expression to their feelings, able to delegate and empower employees. This would make vision created by management to be brought into pollution. Good leadership empires braininess, creates a vision to be followed by the organization employees and empowers employees through traffic and development. Hams (2004) argued that leadership is not only having innovative ideas, but also getting people to follow, not just in dragooned single file, but with pride, literature in their hearts and expectation. Employee endowment to be successful in organization there is need for godlessness to be in place at all levels of the organization. Empowerment to be successful in organization management should use empowerment for bottom-Line results. Klan and Rosen (1999) stated that there are four key increments for empowering program to succeed in organization, these are management must agree to support the program, inauguration warrants fanfare, must be offered for ideas generated and accepted essential for team leaders, program coordinators and evaluation committees to be in place to evaluate the progress of empowerment and advise the best way to enhance it in organizations. Therefore, empowerment is not a product of any structure or system, but it is a process, which is ongoing, dynamic and fluctuating. Translators and Murray (1996) stated that empowerment is getting workers to do what needs to be done rather than doing what they are told and involves delegation, individual responsibility, autonomous decision making and feelings of self-efficacy. Employee empowerment program to be successful in organization, management must put in place a structure in the system to support the whole process (Boggle and Smooch 2004). It is recommendable that empowerment process should take place in an environment where it’s allowed, nurtured and promoted by management and employees. Management decision not communicated properly Options Regency Grand Hotel can revert back to the earlier style of hotel management practiced by Thai General Manager. Under his belt, the Regency Grand Hotel was crowned as one of the most prestigious hotels of the region and the employees were enjoying Delve chocolates wilt n ten note. Nine star, wanly earlier let Decease AT Becker, could be contacted once again and given offer to rejoining Regency Grand Hotel. Management by Objective In Application of decentralization should be more concrete. Change of management style Make use of Configuration Management â€Å"organizational effectiveness is greatest when the information processing capacities of the structure fit the information-processing requirements of the work† Recommendations How to cite Knowledge Management Audit Report, Essays

Impacts of e-commerce in the context of the marketing Free Solution

Question: TaskInformation security and buyer protection and the challenge of data protection are expanding in degree and trouble. While online businesses have since a long time ago expected to shield their clients' security and private data, changes in information transforming and plans of action present new dangers and new regulations. Answer: Executive summary In this report it tells about the various impacts of the e-commerce in the context of the marketing. It also deals about all the critical analysis of the social media on the3 marketing platform and also deals with the various types of the business models on the context of the views of the usefulness of the social media. Introduction (Chroneer, Johansson and Malmstrom, 2015) stated that in the context of the e-commerce it mainly tells about doing both the selling and the buying of the goods and the services, doing of the transmission of the data, funds and the information with the help of the electronic network mainly internet. Basically e commerce is known as the online shopping spread all over the world in todays life. E-commerce also deals with the search engine optimization which helps the website in the higher ranking range and also in doing the retention of the available customers in respect of the email marketing. This assignment is mainly deals with the demonstration of the proper evaluation of all the security strategies through which it can protect both the business and the consumers and it also helps in the proper identification of all the security measures. It also tells about the critical awareness of the e-commerce on the basis of the businesses security on the base of the modern practices. It also requires providing some of the basis alternatives of the social media usefulness. Findings And Analysis In the todays world social media offers the web based technologies so that it can increases the customers and also needs the businesses which helps to improve both the knowledge of the target customers and also helps to improve the business. (Lackermair, 2015) stated that the social media also includes the different forms of the online communication which includes face book, twitter and blog etc. some of the basic advantages which the e-commerce based companies use to do the evaluation of the social media are given below: Visibility: the social media attendance gives the opportunities to both the followers and the customers in gaining the better knowledge in the context of the businesses. the e-commerce facility makes it easy to share the businesses with the friends and the families through the simple ways which helps to attract the large numbers of the followers and also to maintain the needed exposure of the businesses. Target: social media makes it easier to gaining the better ideas about both the target market and the target customers. It also makes it easy t5o target the potential customers which helps to grab the large numbers of the customers towards both the services and the products. Customers: according to Mathews, T. and Blumentritt, 2015), one of the main components of the marketing is the customers. It also gives the various opportunities to improve the customer base with the creation of the online presentation, online campaign of the marketing which is better in doing the local advertising in the various cases. The availability of the e-commerce gives the opportunities to the businesses in the customer base by simply maintaining and also creating the online processes in the marketing strategy. Brand awareness and exposure: social media have some of the crucial features for both the exposure and the awareness programs of the brand name in a large extent. It also plays a crucial role for the promotion of the business. E-commerce uses the various processes and the techniques to make the promotion more attractive in nature so that it helps to attract the large numbers of the online customers. Different sources and the examples which can be used in the proper demonstration of all the arguments are mentioned below: Twitter in respect of the e-commerce: (Strippel, 2014) opined that twitter also have the influential capability in the context of marketing of the online business. It also helps in doing the pushing of the products on the online site which helps to increase the sales by using the various strategies and technologies. The available marketing tools in corporation of the twitter play the crucial role in the context of the online marketing strategy is the email marketing. Twitter also gives the opportunity to maintain the marketing research in the evaluation of the e-commerce site. The feedback facility of the customers plays a beneficial role to maintain the continuous improvement of the companies. As stated by (Polat,2014), twitter maintains an important role for the start up business with the facility for building the brand awareness program and the also the advertisement with the facility of the marketing campaigns in the internet and also helps in doing the generation of the more pro fits and the sales. Twitter also helps in improving the large numbers of the contacts which becomes easier in doing the businesses by doing the sign up in the companys websites and also by implementing the futures marketing campaign. To improve the seasonal marketing strategies twitter helps in the various marketing strategies, various offers and the sales of the marketing of the companies by doing the proper saving of the time, money and also the large numbers of the marketing strategies. Face book in the context of e-commerce: (Kim and Min, 2015) tells that face book is also another important platform for doing the e-commerce marketing. Face book becomes an important part of daily life of the people. So doing of the promotion of the business with the various availabilities of the social ads and also by sharing the different links of the shopping becomes very easy and also cost effective for the people of the business. On the other hand, (Makanyeza, 2015) stated that for doing the successful advertisement of the business the organization needs to integrate all the marketing websites and the applications in this platform. It also gives the opportunity to gives the successful opportunities to attract the large numbers of the customers of the products and the businesses with the presence of the e-commerce facilities on the face book. Some of the advantages of the face book in the context of the e-commerce are given below: Promotion: for doing the promotion of the businesses and the products in doing the creation of the large numbers of the offers and the codes and also in doing the search of the large numbers of the deals by doing the creation of the fan pages which becomes easier for the followers and the fans in giving the thoughts and the views. Social sharing: social sharing is also featured with the e-commerce sites in the presence of the face book option. The face boo option makes it easier in extending the connection of the large numbers of the people and also makes it easy for giving them the knowledge about the various deals and the products so that it can attracts the large numbers of the customers. Customer service: face book offers the facility of the customer service portals which helps them to reach to the customers by consuming less time and also helps in resolving all the feed backs of the customers by evaluating all the queries and the questions of the customers by giving the comments and the recommendations. LinkedIn in the field of e-commerce: LinkedIn is also another platform for the business by doing the creation of the profile in the LinkedIn and also by sharing the different links of the advertisement in the website. It also gives the opportunity to add the different slide share, brochure, presentation etc. it also becomes a good network for providing the various feed backs and the recommendations. In the context of marketing, there are some of the applications of the different e-commerce models are given below: Business to business (B2B) model: (Lotz,2015) stated that B2B model is one of the e-commerce model which is more efficient in maintaining the procuring process, supply chain and also the manufacturing process of the services and the products. This model also helps in the automation of the processes of products and the services in a very quick and the cost effective manner. There are some of the examples of the B2B model are FreeMarket (www.freemarkets.com) and Fastparts (www.fastparts.com) etc. Business to consumer (B2C) model: In this model it tells about all the transactions which occur between the business organizations and the consumers. According to (Unger, 2015), this model is mainly needed for the type of the business organization which helps them to sell their products and the services with the availability of the internet. This model is mainly needed for the online services, online banking and the online transaction etc. some of the examples of the B2C model are yahoo.com, amazon.com etc. Consumer to business (C2B) model: (Demirkan, 2015) opined that in this model all the transactions which are conducted between the consumers and the organizations. In some of the sides it is mostly same to the B2C model in the reverse manner. The main idea regarding this model is that instead of the suppliers the consumers needs to final the price of the products. One of the examples of this model is www.monster.com Consumer to consumer (C2C) model: in this model one of the consumers sell their products to the other consumers in their direct basis. (Kaptein Parvinen, 2015) tells that all the transactions between the consumers to the consumers are deals in this model. All the transaction between both the consumers is done in the online basis. Due to this model both the consumers and the suppliers comes to the same platform to crack the business deals. Some of the basic examples of this model are eBay, bazee.com etc. Conclusion In respect of the higher trends of the applications of the internet in the various fields it causes serious impacts on doing the online marketing with help of the e-commerce so that it becomes easier to do the business in the international market through which it becomes easy to get the large numbers of the customer in the overseas also. Therefore, through the e-commerce it becomes easier for the both the consumers and the sellers to do the business like virtual trade, global trade etc. References Chroneer, D., Johansson, J. and Malmstrom, M. (2015). Business Model Management TypologiesCognitive Mapping of Business Model Landscapes. IJBM, 10(3). Guzzo, T., Ferri, F. and Grifoni, P. (2014). ECA: An E-commerce Consumer Acceptance Model. International Business Research, 8(1). Lackermair, G. (2015). Konfigurierbare Twitter-Streams fr den E-Commerce. HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Makanyeza, C. (2015). Consumer Awareness, Ethnocentrism and Loyalty: An Integrative Model. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 27(2), pp.167-183. Rojsurakitti, T. (2015). Consumer Behavior with Social Media Introduction to the Study. Archives of Business Research, 3(1). Polat, B. (2014). Twitter User Behaviors In Turkey: A Content Analysis On Turkish Twitter Users. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences. Strippel, C. (2014). Dhiraj Murthy (2013): Twitter. Social Communication in the Twitter Age. Cambridge: Polity Press. Medien Kommunikationswissenschaft, pp.110-111. Kim, S. and Min, S. (2015). Business Model Innovation Performance: When does Adding a New Business Model Benefit an Incumbent?. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 9(1), pp.34-57. Grecos, C., Dagiuklas, T., Fleury, M. and Kanellopoulos, D. (2015). Special issue on multimedia networking for electronic commerce systems. Electron Commer Res. Lotz, P. (2015). E-Commerce und Datenschutzrecht im Konflikt. HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik. Demirkan, H. (2015). Special Section: Enhancing E-Commerce Outcomes with IT Service Innovations. International Journal Of Electronic Commerce, 19(3), 2-6. doi:10.1080/10864415.2015.1000214 Kaptein, M., Parvinen, P. (2015). Advancing E-Commerce Personalization: Process Framework and Case Study. International Journal Of Electronic Commerce, 19(3), 7-33. doi:10.1080/10864415.2015.1000216 Unger, R. (2015). Commerce, Communication, and Empire: Economy, Technology and Cultural Encounters. Speculum, 90(01), 1-27. doi:10.1017/s0038713414002449